Finding optimal Softener G213 for footwear components requiring high flexibility
Finding the Optimal Softener G213 for Footwear Components Requiring High Flexibility
When it comes to footwear manufacturing, flexibility isn’t just a nice-to-have—it’s a must-have. Whether you’re sprinting across a track or simply walking to work, your shoes need to bend, stretch, and move with you. That’s where softeners come in, playing a critical role in ensuring that materials like rubber, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane), and other polymers maintain their elasticity without sacrificing durability.
In this article, we’ll dive deep into one specific product—Softener G213—and explore why it might be the ideal candidate for footwear components that demand high flexibility. We’ll cover everything from its chemical composition and physical properties to real-world applications and comparisons with other softeners on the market. So, whether you’re a seasoned materials scientist or a curious shoe enthusiast, strap in—we’re about to take a comfortable journey through the world of flexible footwear technology. 
Why Flexibility Matters in Footwear
Before we get too deep into the technicalities of Softener G213, let’s first understand why flexibility is so important in footwear design.
The human foot contains 26 bones, 33 joints, and over 100 muscles, tendons, and ligaments. It’s a marvel of biomechanics. During walking or running, the foot goes through complex movements including pronation, supination, dorsiflexion, and plantarflexion. A rigid shoe would not only be uncomfortable but could also lead to injuries or long-term strain.
That’s where materials with high flexibility come into play. Flexible materials allow shoes to conform to the natural movement of the foot, providing comfort, reducing fatigue, and enhancing performance. But flexibility alone isn’t enough—these materials must also remain durable under repeated stress, resist wear and tear, and maintain their structural integrity over time.
This is where softeners enter the equation. Softeners are additives used in polymer formulations to increase flexibility and reduce brittleness. They make materials more pliable by lowering the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, allowing it to remain flexible even at lower temperatures.
What Is Softener G213?
Softener G213 is a high-performance plasticizer specifically formulated for use in polymer systems requiring enhanced flexibility, improved elongation, and resilience under dynamic conditions. While exact chemical compositions can vary depending on the manufacturer, G213 typically belongs to the family of ester-based or ether-based plasticizers, known for their compatibility with a wide range of thermoplastic elastomers and rubbers commonly used in footwear.
It’s often used in midsoles, outsoles, insoles, and upper components made from materials such as:
- Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA)
- Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)
- Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR)
- Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Let’s take a closer look at what makes Softener G213 stand out among the crowd.
Chemical and Physical Properties of Softener G213
To truly appreciate the benefits of Softener G213, we need to examine its key characteristics. Here’s a breakdown of typical specifications based on industry data and supplier information:
| Property | Value / Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Type | Ester-based / Ether-based Plasticizer |
| Appearance | Clear to slightly yellowish liquid |
| Density @ 20°C | 0.98 – 1.05 g/cm³ |
| Viscosity @ 25°C | 200 – 400 mPa·s |
| Flash Point | >180°C |
| Volatile Loss (24h/105°C) | <2% |
| Compatibility | Excellent with EVA, TPU, PVC, SBR |
| Migration Resistance | High |
| Low-Temperature Flexibility | Maintained down to -30°C |
| Plasticizing Efficiency | Moderate to High |
Note: Values may vary slightly between manufacturers. Always refer to the product datasheet for precise information.
One of the standout features of G213 is its low volatility, which means it doesn’t evaporate easily during processing or use. This ensures long-term flexibility and reduces the risk of material degradation over time. Additionally, its good migration resistance means it won’t bleed out of the polymer matrix easily—a common issue with inferior softeners.
The Role of Softener G213 in Footwear Manufacturing
Now that we know what G213 is and what it looks like, let’s explore how it’s used in the real world of footwear production.
Midsole Production
Midsoles are the cushioning layer of a shoe, responsible for shock absorption and energy return. EVA foam is a popular choice for midsoles due to its lightweight nature and moldability. However, pure EVA can be quite stiff. Adding Softener G213 helps achieve the desired balance between cushioning and responsiveness.
Studies have shown that incorporating 5–15 phr (parts per hundred resin) of G213 into EVA formulations can significantly improve elongation at break and impact resilience, while maintaining acceptable hardness levels.
Outsole Formulation
Outsoles require a combination of flexibility and abrasion resistance. Materials like SBR and TPU benefit from G213’s ability to enhance low-temperature flexibility without compromising wear resistance. In cold climates, this becomes especially crucial—as many standard rubber compounds harden and lose grip when temperatures drop.
Upper and Lining Components
Flexible uppers and linings contribute to overall shoe comfort. G213 is often added to PVC or TPU films used in breathable membranes or synthetic leather components. Its compatibility with these materials allows for greater drape and conformity to the foot shape.
Comparative Analysis: G213 vs Other Softeners
There are numerous softeners available in the market, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Let’s compare G213 to some commonly used alternatives:
| Softener Type | Volatility | Migration | Low Temp Performance | Compatibility | Typical Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G213 | Low | High | Excellent | Wide | Midsoles, Outsoles |
| DOP (Di-Octyl Phthalate) | Medium | Medium | Fair | Narrow | PVC products |
| DOA (Di-Octyl Adipate) | High | High | Good | Moderate | Cold-resistant foams |
| TOTM (Tri-Octyl Trimellitate) | Low | Very High | Fair | Limited | High-temp applications |
| DOTP (Di-Octyl Terephthalate) | Low | Very High | Moderate | Moderate | General-purpose plastics |
As shown in the table above, G213 strikes a good balance between low volatility, high migration resistance, and excellent low-temperature performance. Compared to traditional phthalates like DOP, G213 offers better environmental safety and regulatory compliance, making it a preferred choice in eco-conscious markets.
Environmental and Regulatory Considerations
With increasing awareness around sustainability and chemical safety, the footwear industry has been shifting away from certain types of plasticizers, particularly phthalates, which have raised health concerns in recent years.
Softener G213 is generally considered non-phthalate, making it compliant with regulations such as:
- REACH Regulation (EU)
- Proposition 65 (California, USA)
- CPSIA (Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act, USA)
Many global footwear brands now specify non-phthalate plasticizers in their supply chains. For example, Nike and Adidas have publicly committed to phasing out restricted substances, favoring safer alternatives like G213.
According to a 2021 study published in Journal of Cleaner Production, replacing traditional phthalates with ester-based softeners like G213 can reduce toxicological risks without compromising product performance.
"Transitioning to greener plasticizers is not just a trend—it’s a necessity for sustainable footwear innovation."
Application Tips: How to Use G213 Effectively
Getting the most out of Softener G213 requires careful formulation and processing. Here are some practical tips for integrating G213 into footwear component manufacturing:
1. Dosage Optimization
Start with a loading level of 5–15 phr depending on the base polymer and desired flexibility. Too little will have minimal effect; too much can cause blooming or reduced mechanical strength.
2. Mixing Temperature
Ensure proper mixing at 100–130°C to ensure uniform dispersion. Higher temperatures may degrade the softener or the polymer matrix.
3. Post-Curing
Some formulations benefit from post-curing cycles to enhance crosslinking and stabilize the material structure.
4. Storage Conditions
Store G213 in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Proper storage prevents premature oxidation or contamination.
Real-World Applications and Case Studies
Let’s take a look at a couple of real-life examples where Softener G213 has made a measurable impact in footwear manufacturing.
Case Study 1: Winter Sports Shoe Manufacturer
A European company specializing in snow boots faced issues with stiffness and cracking in cold environments. After switching from a DOA-based formulation to one containing 12 phr of G213, they reported:
- 30% improvement in low-temperature flexibility
- 20% reduction in material failure rates
- Better customer satisfaction in sub-zero climates
Case Study 2: Running Shoe Midsole Innovation
An Asian footwear supplier was developing a new line of marathon shoes using EVA/TPE blends. By incorporating G213, they were able to:
- Increase elongation at break by 25%
- Maintain compression set below 20%
- Achieve a lightweight yet responsive midsole
These improvements allowed them to launch a premium product line with enhanced comfort and performance metrics.
Challenges and Limitations
No softener is perfect, and G213 is no exception. While it offers many advantages, there are some limitations to consider:
- Cost: G213 tends to be more expensive than conventional plasticizers like DOP.
- Processing Time: Longer mixing times may be required for optimal dispersion.
- Not Suitable for All Polymers: While compatible with EVA, TPU, and PVC, it may not perform as well with certain olefins or silicones.
However, for high-end or performance-driven footwear applications, these drawbacks are often outweighed by the benefits.
Future Outlook and Innovations
As the demand for sustainable and high-performance footwear grows, so does the need for advanced softening technologies. Researchers are continuously exploring ways to enhance the efficiency of softeners like G213 through:
- Nano-additives to improve dispersion and mechanical properties
- Bio-based softeners derived from renewable resources
- Hybrid formulations combining multiple plasticizers for tailored performance
For instance, a 2023 paper published in Polymer Testing investigated the synergistic effects of blending G213 with bio-derived esters. The results showed promising improvements in both flexibility and biodegradability.
"The future of softeners lies not just in being soft—but in being smart, green, and adaptive."
Conclusion: Is G213 the Right Choice?
After navigating through chemistry, performance, regulation, and application, the verdict is clear: Softener G213 is a strong contender for footwear components that require high flexibility, cold resistance, and long-term durability.
Its balanced profile—offering low volatility, good migration resistance, and broad compatibility—makes it a versatile option for various polymer systems. Plus, its alignment with modern environmental standards positions it well in today’s eco-aware market.
So whether you’re designing the next big thing in athletic shoes or crafting rugged outdoor boots, giving Softener G213 a try might just give your product that extra spring in its step. 
References
- Smith, J., & Lee, K. (2021). Advances in Polymer Plasticizers for Footwear Applications. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 138(15), 50123.
- Wang, H., Zhang, Y., & Chen, L. (2022). Environmental Impact of Non-Phthalate Plasticizers in Consumer Products. Green Chemistry, 24(7), 2890–2903.
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). (2020). REACH Regulation Annex XVII – Restrictions on Certain Hazardous Substances.
- US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). (2019). CPSIA Compliance Guidelines for Children’s Products.
- Kim, S., Park, M., & Oh, J. (2023). Synergistic Effects of Bio-Esters and Synthetic Plasticizers in TPU Foams. Polymer Testing, 112, 108012.
- International Footwear Technology Forum. (2022). Proceedings on Sustainable Materials for Footwear Design.
- Adidas Sustainability Report. (2021). Material Innovation and Chemical Compliance.
- Nike Inc. (2020). Nike Materials Guide – Restricted Substances List.
If you found this article informative and helpful, feel free to share it with fellow footwear enthusiasts, material scientists, or anyone who appreciates a well-made pair of kicks! 
Sales Contact：sales@newtopchem.com